Sometimes it is difficult to recognize that to live with others it is not only necessary to understand that Apollonian part of each one, but also that censored and repressed part: the Dionysian, that is, the representation of drunkenness, the debauchery of the senses, ecstasy and in this Psychology-Online article we approach it from the antivalues: definition, list and examples. Below we will see what antivalues are, what similarities or differences they have with values and a list of the 40 main antivalues.
What are antivalues
They are known as the behaviors that oppose or represent the antithetical to what is established in the and the , which are responsible for regulating and guiding the behaviors of people in their context.
Therefore, the antivalues correspond to all ways of acting inappropriate and incorrect as pre-established by the predominant ideology in the context. So then, these anti-values attack the norms or everything that is considered correct such as justice, loyalty, gratitude, solidarity and others.
Generally, when antivalues are mentioned, something similar happens to when talking about values: there are variations in their definitions. Each word has a metonymic meaning (for example, the identification of Dionysus with wine. A particular use of the divine name as a metonym for the drink is common in Greek literature). The words have either a metonymic or metaphorical meaning, therefore they have incalculable interpretations. Anti-values, in a region or for a certain group, can be considered a positive characteristic for others (for example, disobedience characterizes heroism in certain situations where slavery and subjugation exist). This ambivalent path that we are taking will characterize the very complex dispute about: What is good and what is bad?, is it a value or is it an antivalue? Or at what moment is it an antivalue and when another is the opposite?
To clarify a little what I consider to be an antivalue, I think it is necessary to give the following example:
If a person determines that injustice equates to theft, corruption, and bias, possibly their idea of injustice is delimited by experiential metonymies. That is, if in his life he was surrounded by events that exposed him to constant snatches of something he believed was his or to constant lack of opportunities compared to a brother or schoolmate, this would later determine the significance of injustice of he.
Just like the previous example, many antivalues are determined as such by the constant evasion of their value signifiers – ethical or moral – by others, although some of these metonymies are also introduced into the conception of antivalues by the models (parents). ) or other factors in your environment.
Values and antivalues: comparison
As mentioned above the comparison between values and antivalues will always depend on this own experience and from that experience introduced from others into one’s own psyche.
But, in general, the most used comparison is the one we used at the beginning, and this is the one that most frequently forms in us from a very early age: everything that characterizes drunkenness, excessiveness, vitality, impulsiveness and overflowing corresponds to the anti-values; and values are represented by harmony, reason, serenity and measure.
Here you will find more information about the .
List of most relevant antivalues
The top 40 antivalues are:
- The disrespect
- The incomprehension
- The intolerance
- disobedience
- The lie
- The injustice
- The negligence
- Pride
- The arrogance
- disloyalty
- The falsehood
- Mockery
- lack of manners
- The advantages
- The criticism
- The indiscretion
- The distrust
- Treachery
- Selfishness
- misanthropy
- Arrogance
- Hatred
- The envy
- inequality
- Infidelity
- Laziness
- Slavery
- dishonesty
- The discrimination
- The ignorance
- The imitation
- The indifference
- The lateness
- The inequality
- The corruption
- The arrogance
- The partiality
- The inflexibility
- Impunity
- The inefficiency
Examples of antivalues
Some examples of antivalues are:
Intolerance
Intolerance manifests itself, for example, in attitudes of obstinacy and intransigence when a subject is not able to respect others who have beliefs different from their own, such as a religion, opinion, custom, and a political inclination that differs from their own. Thus, intolerance is an anti-value that opposes tolerance and does not approve or allow harmonious relationships in certain social groups.
Arrogance
Arrogance is considered an anti-value by provoking feelings that produce in subjects an attitude of superiority and advantage over others and, for this reason, they consider that they should be treated differently and receive greater privileges. Arrogant individuals are characterized by constant arrogance and arrogance.
Selfishness
This anti-value corresponds to those attitudes of an apparent love for oneself, which is characterized by being excessive and individualistic. Egoistic subjects worry about their own interests without considering that these may affect the interests of others.
Slavery
This anti-value corresponds to subjects who take others as objects and properties and are thus put to fulfill the master’s demands in order to achieve their own life expectancy. Slavery is characterized by being mandatory and without respecting any type of right.
This article is merely informative, at Psychology-Online we do not have the power to make a diagnosis or recommend a treatment. We invite you to go to a psychologist to treat your particular case.
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Bibliography
- Lakoff, G., & Johnson, M. (1980). Metaphors of everyday life. University of Chicago Press.